After subduing Bactria, Alexander the Great invaded India. The crossing through the Hindu Kush was heavily contested by various mountain peoples. The Macedonians conquered each opponent before facing of with King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
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In a new recurring episode format, it’s time to meet the neighbors, specifically the Nanda Dynasty of India. Of course, India’s been here the whole time, but before Alexander the Great campaigns there in person, I should explain a bit about what was going on across the Indus River.
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After the conquests of Alexander the Great, the history of the Achaemenids slipped into legend, myth, and obscurity. By the 6th Century CE, the likes of Cyrus the Great, Darius the Great, Xerxes, and Artaxerxes had been all but forgotten in Iran. Instead, the Sassanid Persian Empire remembered the stories of great heroes from the Avesta, occupying the equivalent of the Achaemenids’ place in history.
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In the centuries following Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire, Iranian cultural memory changed and shifted, often in strange and unexpected ways. Alexandros Megas ton Makedon was remembered as Gizistag Iskandar-i Rhomiyag – the Accursed Alexander of Rome.
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Join me at the Intelligent Speech Conference this Saturday, November 4 at 10am est. Here’s last year’s presentation before you come hear me talk about Communes, Cults, and Caliphs.
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In the final weeks of 331 BCE, Alexander the Great took Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis almost entirely unopposed. By May 330, he had claimed Ecbatana as well and sent Darius III fleeing toward Bactria, but discontent was growing in both armies, and ultimately Artaxerxes V, rather than Darius, would lead Achaemenid Persia’s final stand.
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After Darius III’s defeat at Gaugamela, Alexander the Great tore through the Persian capitals, taking Babylon and Susa without a fight, and only stalling on his way to Persepolis during the Battle of the Persian Gates. The Macedonians reveled, Persepolis burned, and King Darius fled, ceding Ecbatana to the conqueror.
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Alexander the Great and Darius III square off in the Battle of Gaugamela, the Macedonians’ first strike to take a Persian capital in Babylonia.
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