143: The First Syrian War

Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II via Wikimedia

No sooner had Antiochus I defeated the new-found Galatians in Anatolia, than war erupted in the south. Magas, brother of Ptolemy II and self-declared King of Cyrene, formed a marriage alliance with Antiochus before fighting a war of succession against his brother, dragging the Seleucid Empire along for the ride.
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142: Gauls With Gall

Map of Galatian settlement routes before the Elephant Victory, via Wikimedia

After sweeping through the Balkans with their kin, three tribes of Gauls in Thrace drew the attention of the embattled Nicomeides of Bithynia as potential allies in his war against a Seleucid-backed opponent. The Gauls crossed the Bosporus and swept through Nicomeides enemies with ease before turning their sites on the war torn regions of Seleucid Anatolia.
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141: The Age of Antiochus

Gold Stater of Antiochus I from Ai Khanoum via Wikimedia

Antiochus I succeeded his father Seleucus in 281 BCE, and he was immediately plunged into a series of revolts, invasion, and crises in every direction. Ptolemy II was seizing land. The reconquest of the northern dynasts was horribly mismanaged, and as a cherry on top, Gauls suddenly invaded Greece.
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137: Who are you again?… Again

Approximate map of the Hellenistic world c.300 BCE (in Spanish), via Wikimedia

Today, we step back from the narrative to see what kind of empire Seleucus was actually running here.
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Ian Mladjov’s Maps https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/imladjov/maps

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136: Ipsus

Rough combat map for the Battle of Ipsus – Cavalry in slashed blocks, phalanges infantry in solid blocks, skirmishers in dots, elephants in ovals – via Wikimedia

The Wars of the Diadochoi did not end in 301 BCE, but their Fourth War finished with a dramatic turning point in the Battle of Ipsus as Antigonus and Demetrius faced off against Seleucus, Lysimachus, and Pleistarchus.
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133: Meet the Diadochoi

Demetrius’ Attack on Rhodes from Cassell’s illustrated universal history, 1882

After the death of Alexander IV, the former friends and generals of Alexander the Great held their breath, waiting almost a year to resume their wars. The Fourth War of the Diadochoi saw them claim their royal titles as the Successors as Cassander, Ptolemy, and Demetrius battled for dominance.
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130: The War for Empire

The Battle of Gaza between Demetrius and Ptolemy in 312 BCE, engraving 1812 CE

No sooner did the Second War of the Diadochoi end, than the Third began when Antiognus Monophthalmus attempted to seize control of the whole empire. Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, and Lysander rallied against their former comrade as war spread from Palestine to Greece to Thrace.
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129: Chaos in the Upper Satrapies

Eumenes of Cardia, 17th Century woodcut

While Cassander and Polyphercon fought for the regency of Macedon, Antigonus Monophthalmus and Eumenes of Cardia fought for supremacy in the Upper Satrapies. The initially reluctant Peithon and Seleucus joined Antigonus to defeat the traitor Eumenes, and in the process, turn Antigonus into the most powerful man in the empire.
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