171: Syria Five

Coin featuring the young Ptolemy V, via Wikimedia

Following his return from Mesopotamia and Arabia, Antiochus the Great was poised to begin a Fifth Syrian War with the goal of conquering Koile Syria. To prepare for this, he would settle Anatolia, fully annex Armenia, and forge a secret alliance with Philip V of Macedon. Then it was time to plunge the eastern Mediterranean back into a storm of conflict that would ultimately bring a new power into the Hellenistic World.
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170: Hellenistic Mesopotamia

Statue of Hermes from Nineveh, c. 2nd Century BCE, via Wikimedia

We’ve had the opportunity to tour the Seleucid Empire under Antiochus the Great as he conquered his way from Syria to the Hindu Kush, and now it’s time to discuss both the longstanding imperial core of Babylonia, and their long neglected neighbors in Assyria.
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168: Xerxes, Arsakes, and Beyond

A coin depicting Arsakes I with a reverse mimicking Seleucid depictions of Apollo, via Wikimedia

After defeating Achaeus, Antiochus III was quick to continue his reconquest of former Seleucid territory, or at least what he claimed was former Seleucid territory with a siege of Arsomasata and King Xerxes of Sophene. From there, the Seleucid army marched east to confront Arsakes II, the separatist king of Parthia.
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166: Meet the Egyptians

Gold tetradrachm featuring Ptolemy IV Philopator via Wikimedia

Following the Fourth Syrian War, Ptolemy IV Philopator went back to Egypt to enjoy his victory and leave administration to his advisers, at least until native Egyptian revolts brought Egypt’s royal party to a screeching halt.
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165: Syrian War

Army formations and movements at the Battle of Raphia, via Wikimedia

After defeating Molon and Alexander in the Upper Satrapies, Antiochus III arranged or accepted the assassination of Hermeias before resuming the Fourth Syrian War against Egypt. The Seleucids rise to new heights as they approach the Battle of Raphia.
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164: Frataraka

Coin of Vadfradad I via Wikimedia

Continuing the grand tour of western Iran, it’s time to talk about Hellenistic Persia. The province of Persis was home to a unique set of governors called Frataraka under Seleucid rule who introduced new and exciting trends to the Persian homeland while the Seleucids ran the show.
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A New Frataraka Chronology by David Engels – https://www.academia.edu/6374300/A_New_Frataraka_Chronology_in_Latomus_72_2013_28_82

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163: The Upper Satrapies

Drachm coin depicting Satrap Molon of Media, minted during his rebellion, via Wikimedia

Despite his Prime Minister’s insistence against it, Antiochus III resolved to march east and face the rebel satrap Molon in 220 BCE. It’s also time for a new Grand Tour of the Empire as we follow Antiochus on his travels.
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162: The Great Revolt

Gold Stater depicting Antiochus III via Wikimedia

The Seleucid narrative is back, and Antiochus III is the new king. Fresh off the death of his father and brother, the young Antiochus found himself pulled in three different directions by his nobles as rebellions, wars, and scheming advisers took their toll on the Empire.
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